Vehicle-to-Building Energy Management for Coordinated Building and Feeder Operation Under Forecast Uncertainty: A System-of-Systems Framework
IEEE Systems Journal, pp. 1-11 · Sep 2026
Read at publisherDOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2026.3727774Abstract
Vehicle-to-building (V2B) operation creates strong coupling among electric vehicles (EVs), building energy management systems, and distribution feeders, requiring coordinated cross-system scheduling. This work proposes a rolling-horizon V2B optimization framework under forecast uncertainty that jointly coordinates EV charging and discharging, building electricity consumption, and feeder operation on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network, evaluated on a 140-EV fleet connected at bus 8 alongside rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation. The framework minimizes building electricity cost and feeder active power loss and is evaluated under stochastic EV mobility scenarios and imperfect building load and PV forecasts, using Monte Carlo scenarios for mobility and a Bernoulli–Gaussian perturbation model for load and PV forecast uncertainty. Under equal objective weighting (λ = 0.5), the deterministic and forecast uncertainty strategies reduce mean hourly grid import by 3.0% and 1.5%, respectively, relative to greedy charging. Both strategies also lower feeder active power loss and generally improve downstream voltage profiles. Sweeping the cost–loss weighting from λ = 0 to 0.9 raises building cost savings from 5.84% to 8.82% for the deterministic forecast and 3.81% to 7.00% under forecast uncertainty, revealing a tunable tradeoff between economic performance and feeder-loss reduction. The results highlight the potential benefits of rolling-horizon cross-system coordination under forecasts uncertainty for future V2B-enabled distribution systems.
Keywords
Distribution network · electric vehicle scheduling · forecast uncertainty · rolling-horizon optimization (RHO) · system of systems (SoS) · vehicle-to-building (V2B)